New offences that have been introduced by the Bribery Act 2010 which also imposes significant penalties for committing them.
What is bribery?
Transparency International (a non-governmental anti-corruption organisation) defines bribery as "the offering, promising, giving, accepting or soliciting of an advantage as an inducement for an action which is illegal or a breach of trust."
Why has the Bribery Act 2010 been introduced?
The Bribery Act 2010 was introduced to strengthen the existing bribery and corruption laws in the UK. The Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has repeatedly criticised the UK system for being weak and ineffective compared with the more robust regimes in other countries, such as the US Foreign and Corrupt Practices Act.
What are the new offences?
1. Bribing another person
A person will be guilty of this offence if they offer, promise or give a financial advantage or other advantage, to another person to bring about improper performance of a relevant function or an activity, or to reward a person for the improper performance of a relevant function or an activity.
The types of function or activity that can be improperly performed include:
all functions of a public nature;
all activities connected with a business;
any activity performed in the course of a person's employment; and
any activity performed by or on behalf of a body of persons.
where the person performing the function is expected to perform it in good faith or impartially or is in a position of trust by virtue of performing it. The function will be covered even if it has no connection with the UK or is performed outside the UK.
It may not matter whether the person offered the bribe is the same person that will actually perform, or has performed, the function or activity concerned.
The advantage can be offered, promised or given by the person themselves or by a third party.
2. Being bribed
The recipient, or potential recipient of the bribe, will be guilty of this offence if they request, agree to receive, or accept a financial or other advantage to perform a relevant function or activity improperly.
It does not matter whether it is the recipient, or someone else through whom the recipient acts, who requests, agrees to receive or accepts the advantage. In addition, the advantage can be for the benefit of the recipient or another person.
3. Bribing a foreign public official
A person will be guilty of this offence if they intend to influence an official in their capacity as a foreign public official. The offence does not cover accepting bribes, only offering, promising or giving bribes. It does not matter whether the offer, promise or gift is made directly to the official or via a third party.
4. Failing to prevent bribery
A commercial organisation will be guilty of this offence if a person associated with it bribes another person, with the intention of obtaining or retaining business or a business advantage for the commercial organisation. The offence can be committed in the UK or overseas.
A business will be able to avoid conviction if it can demonstrate that it had adequate procedures in place designed to prevent bribery. The government has indicated that it will issue guidance on what "adequate procedures" are before the new law comes into effect.
What are the penalties for committing an offence?
The offences of bribing another person, being bribed and bribing a foreign public official are punishable on indictment either by an unlimited fine, imprisonment of up to ten years or both. Both a company and its directors could be subject to criminal penalties.
The new corporate offence of failure to prevent bribery is punishable on indictment by an unlimited fine.
Businesses that have been convicted of corruption could find themselves permanently debarred from tendering for public-sector contracts.
Your business may also be damaged by adverse publicity if it is prosecuted for an offence.
Practical steps to take before the Bribery Act 2010 comes into force
Small and medium-sized enterprises will inevitably have fewer resources to counter bribery than larger companies. However, you can take some straight-forward measures before the law comes into force to help prevent your business falling foul of the new legislation by reviewing your policies and procedures.
If you have any questions about the content of this checklist, please contact me at martinh@cleggssolicitors.com or call me on 0759 522 5330
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